A well-known commercial process for ethylene dimerization is the IFP Alphabutol process, which involves homogenous catalysis using Ti(OR′) 4 /AlR 3 as catalyst , , , .In contrast to the IFP Alphabutol process, Ni-NU-1000 is a solid catalyst with the reactant in the gas phase, which is preferable because it is a solvent-free process that allows for easy catalyst recycling and easy separation ...